The term colic is used to describe many different types of discomfort or pain within a horse’s abdomen. It’s quite common, and in extreme cases if left untreated can be fatal. Roughly ten percent of colic cases will require veterinary intervention while the rest will resolve on their own. If you’re unfamiliar with colic or the severity of it, it’s always best to call your veterinarian.

Types of colic

There are many different types of colic but the more common ones are spasmodic and impaction.

Spasmodic colic is when the muscles that control the gastrointestinal tract spasm and contract abnormally causing pain to the horse. It can also be due to a buildup of gas within the digestive system.

Impaction is as the name suggests, an impaction or buildup of food within the bowels of the horse. This can be a very deadly type of colic if left untreated or is unresponsive to normal treatments. Surgery may be required.

Sand Colic is caused by the ingestion of sand or dirt. Horses that graze on sandy ground can build up sand within the intestines which may lead to irritation, inflamation, and blockage. In mild cases this may be treated with laxatives, but the more severe cases may need surgery.

Worms and parasites are another cause of colic. Commonly roundworms and tapeworms. Treatment usually consists of laxatives and deworming, but in extreme cases of blockage, surgery may be required.

Twisting or movements of the colon, bowels, or intestines are other possible causes of colic. These are much more urgent and normally require surgery and immediate veterinary attention.

Symptoms of Colic

• Tries to kick its belly.
• Excessive sweating
• Rolls around more than normal
• Restlessness or uneasiness
• Repeatedly looks back at its belly
• Nips at its belly
• Lies down and then gets up repeatedly
• Sits like a dog on its back legs
• Loss of appetite
• Appears to stretch out more often
• Curls its lips more often
• Constipation
• Increased pulse rate and possibly fever

Causes of colic

The major causes of colic are related to the diet and ingestion of feed. A horse should never be allowed to get into the feed storage and gorge itself, nor should it be fed on the ground. It should always be fed the same type of feed at the same time of the day. Even minor disruptions in the feeding time can cause colic. Avoid feeding excessive grain to the horse. Also, never allow the horse to eat moldy feed. And finally, always make sure there is plenty of fresh water available.

Whenever you suspect that your horse may have colic, it’s essential that you pay close attention to your horse. If there is any doubt about the severity, or you feel that you’re not experienced enough with colic, do not hesitate to call the veterinarian. Your horses life may depend on it!